INDUSTRY INSIGHTS YOUR PEERS ARE READING
economic policy ????? The FED ! Alright here's an easy quiz for Wednesday morning: WHICH FAMOUS ROCK AND ROLL BAND IS "THE HOUSE BAND" FOR THE FEDERAL RESERVE? C'mon don't peek yet! Which band is both 1) named after and 2) sings about U.S. DIRE STRAITS !!! and "Money For Nothing" !! Opinion MORE
After making changes to its Android app and terms of service, MoviePass is adding another modification to its platform: Subscribers can now only watch a particular movie through its movie ticket subscription service one time, Android Central reported. “We We recently updated our Terms of Service to reflect that MoviePass subscribers are only permitted to see a select movie in theaters once with your MoviePass,” the company wrote on its website. “We MORE
Apple CEO Tim Cook and IBM CEO Ginni Rometty have been appointed to President Donald Trump’s advisory board that aims to direct the future of workforce policy. Regulation Advisory Board AI Apple Donald Trump Education IBM jobs News policy regulation What's Hot workforce MORE
While this time of year is filled with cheer and celebration, it’s also important to make sure your company’s policies reflect fairness, equality and safety. Tip #2: Make sure your policies work with diverse religious beliefs. Blog HR Policies‘Tis the season! MORE
trade policy is the largest risk externally that companies face. trade policy will have a negative impact during the next six months, while 20 percent said the impact will be very negative, and 66 percent of Asia-Pacific-based CFOs said the U.S. President Donald Trump’s tax reform — signed into law late last year — was a boon for the stock market, but his tough trade stance is pressuring stocks so far in 2018. MORE
Bafin, the German financial watchdog that is monitoring Deutsche Bank’s involvement in the Danske Bank money laundering scandal, has asked the bank to review some of its correspondent banking policies, according to a report from Reuters. MORE
Uber is changing its policy on bug bounties, payments to people who expose data security problems, Reuters reported on Thursday (April 26). “We’re The company is revising its policy to specify it won’t pursue legal action against good-faith hackers who submit flaws through its bug bounty portal, which is hosted by HackerOne. MORE
In Kenya, the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) has issued its “FinTech Sandbox Guidance Note,” which is now finalized as policy. MORE
The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC)—the interagency body tasked with setting uniform principles and standards for the examination of financial institutions by federal regulators, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau—has adopted a Policy Statement designed to streamline the information presented in examination reports (“ROE”). CFPB Monitor Federal Agencies Federal CFS Monitor ffiec policy statement ROE guidance MORE
based technology group, issued a report Thursday (March 16) in which it said China’s mercantilist industrial policIes put the entire global economy and trading system at risk and called for countries to increase the pressure on China to “reset” its policies, reported Reuters. to work with Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the European Union to come together to pressure China into what the group called a “fundamental economic policy reset.”. MORE
19) announced a new policy tool aimed at boosting lending to small and private companies. The central bank in China went on to note that it plans to continue to put in place a “prudent and neutral” monetary policy that will ensure liquidity. MORE
For monetary policy and those interested in inflation dynamics, the implication is that retail prices are becoming less ‘insulated’ from these common nationwide shocks,” Cavallo wrote in the paper. The aforementioned impact of shorter-duration pricing at retailers has implications for monetary policies, according to Bloomberg, as automatic adjustments to what are known as external shocks means that interest rate adjustments by the central bank may lose potency. MORE
Google has relaxed its subscription policy, no longer requiring news websites to provide users with three free articles per day or face less prominence in search results. According to a CNBC news report, while Google has argued that its “first click free” policy would lead to a boost in subscriptions, many media companies – such as News Corp – have complained that their sales were suffering as a result. MORE
Under the radar, Amazon made some changes to its Alexa Skills Developer agreement. To help lessen the amount of advertisements that appear on Alexa’s voice apps, the new version of the agreement is banning any apps that have “any advertising for third-party products or services.” The only places where ads will still appear is through streaming music and flash-briefing apps. MORE
And as a form of data sharing, a form of record keeping, a direct conduit in transactions, some proponents say that decentralized ledger technology (DLT) can be a salve for an issue front-and-center, as Turkey proves a recent example of daily life roiled by rapid currency devaluation and panic: Namely, monetary policy. At its most basic form, monetary policy resides in the hands of governments, and currencies are rooted in the notion of “fiat.” MORE
(The Paypers) CAIT , the Confederation of All India Trades, has announced the introduction of an ecommerce policy to prevent corruption in the market MORE
According to B2C Europe’s recently released study , more than half of all consumers consider returning the item long before they decide to buy it and will actively seek to learn what the merchant’s return policy is. The research additionally found that consumers refuse to buy from outside their own country about 27 percent of the time if the return cost is high, while 23 percent won’t make an out-of-nation purchase if they do not fully understand the return policy. MORE
What consumers want mostly is choice – and they tend to prefer retailers and service providers that offer it to them. MORE
(The Paypers) Mastercard has announced a new policy for merchants that retain customers’ card information after they sign up for a free trial MORE
Microsoft is happy to cater to these demands by announcing the availability of retention policies for Microsoft Teams. Teams admins now can use Office 365 Security and Compliance to set retention policies for Teams chats and team channels. Technology is a beautiful thing! MORE
(The Paypers) UK-based Curve has introduced a purchase protection policy that can reimburse supported claims within 24-hours on eligible purchases of up to GBP 100,000 made with a Curve card MORE
To take on apps that don’t give users information on the use of their personal data, Apple is introducing a new requirement: At the beginning of October, apps will have to have a privacy policy – even those that are in testing, according to reports. 3, 2018, App Store Connect will require a privacy policy for all new apps and app updates in order to be submitted for distribution on the App Store or through TestFlight external testing,” a statement on Apple’s website reads. “In MORE
Her term ends in October, so she’s working a report that will lead competition policies in the digital era, according to a report by the AP. Margrethe Vestager, the European Union’s top antitrust cop, is coming to the end of her term as antitrust enforcer, but not before she plans to release a report laying out a long-term plan to police the world’s largest tech companies. Vestager has tussled with many of the big name tech companies, including Google, Apple, Amazon and Facebook. MORE
The new per-transaction threshold complements the bank’s existing policy of not charging an overdraft fee if a customer’s available balance and ending account balance is overdrawn by $5 or less and no items are returned for non-sufficient funds at the end of processing for that business day. Aiming to boost its reputation after a fake account scandal last year, Wells Fargo announced Tuesday (Nov. 14) the launch of a new overdraft feature that will reduce the hit to customers. MORE
According to a report in Bloomberg , the social media giant is spelling out how it collects and uses data in its Terms of Service and Data Use Policy. The updated policy discusses not only how data is used on the Facebook site, but also how it is used across other social media platforms, such as Instagram and Facebook Messenger. Users have found Facebook’s policies confusing in the past, especially pertaining to apps the company owns. MORE
Taking a page from the old Tom Petty Handbook, Target CEO Brian Cornell has officially determined that the retailer will not back down on its inclusive bathroom policy. million signatures argue that “Target’s policy is exactly how sexual predators get access to their victims.” Cornell buttressed that message on a mid-week CNBC appearance during which he affirmed there would be no reversing its policy. “We’ve Retail Target Target Bathroom policy MORE
Policies are “the cornerstones for sound lending and loan administration,” and risk rating policies are a key component. Regulatory agencies lay out elements that loan policies should cover, such as what types of loans an institution will make and what information will be required from borrowers, but they rarely dictate the details. An institution must develop appropriate policies and procedures based on its size and the complexity of its portfolio. MORE
Vice finance minister Cheng Lihua introduced seven new tax policies during a press conference Friday, with the goal of saving small businesses $9.45 The policies include tax cuts and introduce other incentives for SMBs to upgrade equipment, improve employee training, and enhance their research and development, the publication said. China introduced new tax initiatives aimed at bolstering the nation’s entrepreneurs, according to local news reports on Friday (May 4). MORE
China is struggling to bridge its small businesses to financing for growth, with broader fiscal policy at odds with the initiative, according to reports. The publication pointed to the government’s conflicting policy of stricter lending rules as one reason why efforts to boost small business loan volumes hasn’t taken off. “It is hard for a bank to handle credit policy now,” said the manager, according to the publication. MORE
In a series of commentaries at the annual shareholder meeting of the Daily Journal, Munger said that some states — including California, Connecticut and New York — have been “stupid” as they have driven wealthier individuals away amid onerous tax and regulatory policies. To paraphrase an old investment ad campaign: “When Charlie Munger speaks, people listen.” MORE
Also released last week, the EU document has a different focus to the US one, which allowed national FinTech charter bank licenses to be … The post The EU’s policy on FinTech competition is … appeared first on Chris Skinner's blog. I cannot post a 222-page PDF from the US Government on FinTech and competition without also posting a 136-page PDF from the European Commission on FinTech and competition. MORE
22) that it is working to modify its debit routing policies, saying that it has “modified and clarified” its rules to boost EMV chip card adoption in the United States. Visa said Tuesday (Nov. Those modifications, the card giant said, come on the heels of guidance that has been issued by the Federal Reserve. MORE
EXCLUSIVE—Payment processor Visa has not changed any policies related to the purchasing of bitcoin, the company told Bank Innovation. The company still allows Visa cardholders to make cryptocurrency purchases with “credit, debit, and certain prepaid Visa products,” it said in a statement. MORE
Karan Bhatia, vice president of global public policy and government relations at Google, said there should be common rules when it comes to regulating technology on a global basis. MORE
The desire to avoid examiner scrutiny may tempt some financial institutions to set the bar high when it comes to credit and liquidity risk management policy limits, but regulators are discouraging this approach. Do established policy limits reflect true risk tolerance? MORE
The Dutch Data Protection Authority (DDPA) in the Netherlands has released its own General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) fining policy, according to reports , and is the first European Union (EU) country to do so. MORE
As part of its ongoing exam modernization initiative, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council om March 6 issued a policy statement aimed at promoting clarity and consistency of examination reports. The policy statement, which is intended to reduce regulatory burden for community banks and credit unions, includes principles that “set forth minimum expectations of what should be included in all reports of examination.” Read the policy statement. MORE
A new report by the Bipartisan Policy Center recommended several reforms that would help the U.S. financial system improve the ability of small businesses (SMBs) to get financing, driven in part by a decline in startup formation in recent decades. The center’s Task Force on Main Street Finance — co-chaired by former Senator Olympia Snowe, former U.S. MORE
The Bank makes clear it’s not the opinions of the institution … The post Could central bank digital currencies kill monetary policy? I didn’t realise until the other day that the Bank of England has a blog Bank Underground. Finally, a boring old British bank with a blog. MORE
trade tariffs , policy is keeping entrepreneurs on their toes. Small businesses have been inundated with a regulatory storm this past week. From a Supreme Court decision with possible implications for small online merchants, to SMBs’ preparations for U.S. Surveys gauging the sentiment of the small business owner about shifting rules and regulations – both in the U.S. and abroad – aren’t the only source of information for this week’s B2B Data Digest. MORE
Virginia Senator Mark Warner, vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, released a policy paper detailing 20 options for the government to start regulating big tech a lot more closely. There’s nothing like hovering near the $1 trillion market cap to cause policy makers to suspect that you must be doing something wrong. The team at Facebook is not having a great week, as it seems all of its recent data scandal chickens have come home to roost. MORE
After discovering that its customers have been misusing its generous return policy, L.L. Prior to the change in policy, L.L. But customers have been abusing the policy, making it hard for the retailer to continue offering a lifetime return window. Bean’s flexible return policy might not have worked for the retailer, in general, consumers are thinking of returns prior to placing an order. And the preferred policy for U.S. MORE
Policies Related Topics 
PYMNTS
MARCH 14, 2019
The Dutch Data Protection Authority (DDPA) in the Netherlands has released its own General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) fining policy, according to reports , and is the first European Union (EU) country to do so.
PYMNTS
FEBRUARY 14, 2019
Apple CEO Tim Cook and IBM CEO Ginni Rometty have been appointed to President Donald Trump’s advisory board that aims to direct the future of workforce policy. Regulation Advisory Board AI Apple Donald Trump Education IBM jobs News policy regulation What's Hot workforce
PYMNTS
DECEMBER 18, 2018
In Kenya, the Capital Markets Authority (CMA) has issued its “FinTech Sandbox Guidance Note,” which is now finalized as policy.
PYMNTS
AUGUST 27, 2018
For monetary policy and those interested in inflation dynamics, the implication is that retail prices are becoming less ‘insulated’ from these common nationwide shocks,” Cavallo wrote in the paper. The aforementioned impact of shorter-duration pricing at retailers has implications for monetary policies, according to Bloomberg, as automatic adjustments to what are known as external shocks means that interest rate adjustments by the central bank may lose potency.
PYMNTS
APRIL 27, 2018
After making changes to its Android app and terms of service, MoviePass is adding another modification to its platform: Subscribers can now only watch a particular movie through its movie ticket subscription service one time, Android Central reported. “We We recently updated our Terms of Service to reflect that MoviePass subscribers are only permitted to see a select movie in theaters once with your MoviePass,” the company wrote on its website. “We
PYMNTS
FEBRUARY 15, 2019
Bafin, the German financial watchdog that is monitoring Deutsche Bank’s involvement in the Danske Bank money laundering scandal, has asked the bank to review some of its correspondent banking policies, according to a report from Reuters.
PYMNTS
JANUARY 21, 2019
Her term ends in October, so she’s working a report that will lead competition policies in the digital era, according to a report by the AP. Margrethe Vestager, the European Union’s top antitrust cop, is coming to the end of her term as antitrust enforcer, but not before she plans to release a report laying out a long-term plan to police the world’s largest tech companies. Vestager has tussled with many of the big name tech companies, including Google, Apple, Amazon and Facebook.
Bank Innovation
FEBRUARY 8, 2018
EXCLUSIVE—Payment processor Visa has not changed any policies related to the purchasing of bitcoin, the company told Bank Innovation. The company still allows Visa cardholders to make cryptocurrency purchases with “credit, debit, and certain prepaid Visa products,” it said in a statement.
PYMNTS
NOVEMBER 15, 2017
The new per-transaction threshold complements the bank’s existing policy of not charging an overdraft fee if a customer’s available balance and ending account balance is overdrawn by $5 or less and no items are returned for non-sufficient funds at the end of processing for that business day. Aiming to boost its reputation after a fake account scandal last year, Wells Fargo announced Tuesday (Nov. 14) the launch of a new overdraft feature that will reduce the hit to customers.
PYMNTS
DECEMBER 19, 2018
19) announced a new policy tool aimed at boosting lending to small and private companies. The central bank in China went on to note that it plans to continue to put in place a “prudent and neutral” monetary policy that will ensure liquidity.
PYMNTS
JANUARY 10, 2019
What consumers want mostly is choice – and they tend to prefer retailers and service providers that offer it to them.
PYMNTS
DECEMBER 18, 2017
While this time of year is filled with cheer and celebration, it’s also important to make sure your company’s policies reflect fairness, equality and safety. Tip #2: Make sure your policies work with diverse religious beliefs. Blog HR Policies‘Tis the season!
PYMNTS
AUGUST 21, 2018
And as a form of data sharing, a form of record keeping, a direct conduit in transactions, some proponents say that decentralized ledger technology (DLT) can be a salve for an issue front-and-center, as Turkey proves a recent example of daily life roiled by rapid currency devaluation and panic: Namely, monetary policy. At its most basic form, monetary policy resides in the hands of governments, and currencies are rooted in the notion of “fiat.”
PYMNTS
JUNE 21, 2018
trade policy is the largest risk externally that companies face. trade policy will have a negative impact during the next six months, while 20 percent said the impact will be very negative, and 66 percent of Asia-Pacific-based CFOs said the U.S. President Donald Trump’s tax reform — signed into law late last year — was a boon for the stock market, but his tough trade stance is pressuring stocks so far in 2018.
PYMNTS
FEBRUARY 10, 2019
Karan Bhatia, vice president of global public policy and government relations at Google, said there should be common rules when it comes to regulating technology on a global basis.
PYMNTS
APRIL 26, 2018
Uber is changing its policy on bug bounties, payments to people who expose data security problems, Reuters reported on Thursday (April 26). “We’re The company is revising its policy to specify it won’t pursue legal action against good-faith hackers who submit flaws through its bug bounty portal, which is hosted by HackerOne.
Chris Skinner
AUGUST 5, 2018
Also released last week, the EU document has a different focus to the US one, which allowed national FinTech charter bank licenses to be … The post The EU’s policy on FinTech competition is … appeared first on Chris Skinner's blog. I cannot post a 222-page PDF from the US Government on FinTech and competition without also posting a 136-page PDF from the European Commission on FinTech and competition.
The Paypers
FEBRUARY 28, 2019
(The Paypers) UK-based Curve has introduced a purchase protection policy that can reimburse supported claims within 24-hours on eligible purchases of up to GBP 100,000 made with a Curve card
PYMNTS
APRIL 5, 2018
According to a report in Bloomberg , the social media giant is spelling out how it collects and uses data in its Terms of Service and Data Use Policy. The updated policy discusses not only how data is used on the Facebook site, but also how it is used across other social media platforms, such as Instagram and Facebook Messenger. Users have found Facebook’s policies confusing in the past, especially pertaining to apps the company owns.
PYMNTS
MAY 13, 2016
Taking a page from the old Tom Petty Handbook, Target CEO Brian Cornell has officially determined that the retailer will not back down on its inclusive bathroom policy. million signatures argue that “Target’s policy is exactly how sexual predators get access to their victims.” Cornell buttressed that message on a mid-week CNBC appearance during which he affirmed there would be no reversing its policy. “We’ve Retail Target Target Bathroom policy
Chris Skinner
AUGUST 31, 2016
The Bank makes clear it’s not the opinions of the institution … The post Could central bank digital currencies kill monetary policy? I didn’t realise until the other day that the Bank of England has a blog Bank Underground. Finally, a boring old British bank with a blog.
Perficient Financial Servies
MAY 14, 2018
Microsoft is happy to cater to these demands by announcing the availability of retention policies for Microsoft Teams. Teams admins now can use Office 365 Security and Compliance to set retention policies for Teams chats and team channels. Technology is a beautiful thing!
PYMNTS
FEBRUARY 9, 2018
After discovering that its customers have been misusing its generous return policy, L.L. Prior to the change in policy, L.L. But customers have been abusing the policy, making it hard for the retailer to continue offering a lifetime return window. Bean’s flexible return policy might not have worked for the retailer, in general, consumers are thinking of returns prior to placing an order. And the preferred policy for U.S.
PYMNTS
MARCH 17, 2017
based technology group, issued a report Thursday (March 16) in which it said China’s mercantilist industrial policIes put the entire global economy and trading system at risk and called for countries to increase the pressure on China to “reset” its policies, reported Reuters. to work with Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, South Korea, the United Kingdom and the European Union to come together to pressure China into what the group called a “fundamental economic policy reset.”.
PYMNTS
AUGUST 30, 2018
China is struggling to bridge its small businesses to financing for growth, with broader fiscal policy at odds with the initiative, according to reports. The publication pointed to the government’s conflicting policy of stricter lending rules as one reason why efforts to boost small business loan volumes hasn’t taken off. “It is hard for a bank to handle credit policy now,” said the manager, according to the publication.
Keith Leggett's Credit Union Watch
MARCH 8, 2019
As part of its ongoing exam modernization initiative, the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council om March 6 issued a policy statement aimed at promoting clarity and consistency of examination reports. The policy statement, which is intended to reduce regulatory burden for community banks and credit unions, includes principles that “set forth minimum expectations of what should be included in all reports of examination.” Read the policy statement.
PYMNTS
NOVEMBER 23, 2016
22) that it is working to modify its debit routing policies, saying that it has “modified and clarified” its rules to boost EMV chip card adoption in the United States. Visa said Tuesday (Nov. Those modifications, the card giant said, come on the heels of guidance that has been issued by the Federal Reserve.
PYMNTS
OCTOBER 3, 2017
Google has relaxed its subscription policy, no longer requiring news websites to provide users with three free articles per day or face less prominence in search results. According to a CNBC news report, while Google has argued that its “first click free” policy would lead to a boost in subscriptions, many media companies – such as News Corp – have complained that their sales were suffering as a result.
The Paypers
SEPTEMBER 18, 2018
(The Paypers) CAIT , the Confederation of All India Trades, has announced the introduction of an ecommerce policy to prevent corruption in the market
Sageworks
OCTOBER 11, 2017
Policies are “the cornerstones for sound lending and loan administration,” and risk rating policies are a key component. Regulatory agencies lay out elements that loan policies should cover, such as what types of loans an institution will make and what information will be required from borrowers, but they rarely dictate the details. An institution must develop appropriate policies and procedures based on its size and the complexity of its portfolio.
PYMNTS
JULY 30, 2018
Virginia Senator Mark Warner, vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, released a policy paper detailing 20 options for the government to start regulating big tech a lot more closely. There’s nothing like hovering near the $1 trillion market cap to cause policy makers to suspect that you must be doing something wrong. The team at Facebook is not having a great week, as it seems all of its recent data scandal chickens have come home to roost.
CFPB Monitor
MARCH 11, 2019
The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC)—the interagency body tasked with setting uniform principles and standards for the examination of financial institutions by federal regulators, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau—has adopted a Policy Statement designed to streamline the information presented in examination reports (“ROE”). CFPB Monitor Federal Agencies Federal CFS Monitor ffiec policy statement ROE guidance
PYMNTS
SEPTEMBER 8, 2016
According to B2C Europe’s recently released study , more than half of all consumers consider returning the item long before they decide to buy it and will actively seek to learn what the merchant’s return policy is. The research additionally found that consumers refuse to buy from outside their own country about 27 percent of the time if the return cost is high, while 23 percent won’t make an out-of-nation purchase if they do not fully understand the return policy.
Sageworks
JUNE 23, 2017
The desire to avoid examiner scrutiny may tempt some financial institutions to set the bar high when it comes to credit and liquidity risk management policy limits, but regulators are discouraging this approach. Do established policy limits reflect true risk tolerance?
PYMNTS
APRIL 21, 2016
Brian Krebs reported the change to grocer Giant Food’s policy yesterday (April 20) on his cybersecurity blog Krebs on Security. A Washington, D.C.-area
PYMNTS
APRIL 21, 2017
Under the radar, Amazon made some changes to its Alexa Skills Developer agreement. To help lessen the amount of advertisements that appear on Alexa’s voice apps, the new version of the agreement is banning any apps that have “any advertising for third-party products or services.” The only places where ads will still appear is through streaming music and flash-briefing apps.
PYMNTS
FEBRUARY 15, 2019
In a series of commentaries at the annual shareholder meeting of the Daily Journal, Munger said that some states — including California, Connecticut and New York — have been “stupid” as they have driven wealthier individuals away amid onerous tax and regulatory policies. To paraphrase an old investment ad campaign: “When Charlie Munger speaks, people listen.”
Jim Blaine
OCTOBER 12, 2016
economic policy ????? The FED ! Alright here's an easy quiz for Wednesday morning: WHICH FAMOUS ROCK AND ROLL BAND IS "THE HOUSE BAND" FOR THE FEDERAL RESERVE? C'mon don't peek yet! Which band is both 1) named after and 2) sings about U.S. DIRE STRAITS !!! and "Money For Nothing" !! Opinion
The Paypers
JANUARY 17, 2019
(The Paypers) Mastercard has announced a new policy for merchants that retain customers’ card information after they sign up for a free trial
PYMNTS
JULY 2, 2018
trade tariffs , policy is keeping entrepreneurs on their toes. Small businesses have been inundated with a regulatory storm this past week. From a Supreme Court decision with possible implications for small online merchants, to SMBs’ preparations for U.S. Surveys gauging the sentiment of the small business owner about shifting rules and regulations – both in the U.S. and abroad – aren’t the only source of information for this week’s B2B Data Digest.
PYMNTS
MAY 7, 2018
Vice finance minister Cheng Lihua introduced seven new tax policies during a press conference Friday, with the goal of saving small businesses $9.45 The policies include tax cuts and introduce other incentives for SMBs to upgrade equipment, improve employee training, and enhance their research and development, the publication said. China introduced new tax initiatives aimed at bolstering the nation’s entrepreneurs, according to local news reports on Friday (May 4).
PYMNTS
AUGUST 1, 2018
A new report by the Bipartisan Policy Center recommended several reforms that would help the U.S. financial system improve the ability of small businesses (SMBs) to get financing, driven in part by a decline in startup formation in recent decades. The center’s Task Force on Main Street Finance — co-chaired by former Senator Olympia Snowe, former U.S.
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